Ington



Nb 51,269. Patented Nov 28,-1865.

HIM-film m UNITED STATE JOSEPH nrnna,; or NEWARK,-OHIO, Assrcnon TOHIMSELF AND E. nanmoron & sous, on ILION, NEW ionir.-

YIMPROVEMENT IN RaveL vmerriRa- Anwi-s.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 53,265}, dated November28, 1865.

To all whom it may concern:.

Beit known that I, J OSEPII RIDER, of New-. ark, in the county: ofLicking and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in BreechLoadin g Fire-Arms; and I do 'hereby declare-thefollowing tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making apart of thisspecification, in which 1 Figure 1 represents a view from one sideof thearm. Fig. 2 represents aview from the opposite side thereof, andpartially in section, to show the interior arrangement. Fig. 3represents a rear. view of the revolving chambersand cylinder with itsappliances. Figs. \4 and 5 represent ditferent views of the pawl-guide,

the latter figure showing the pawl in'working positiom p v Similarletters of reference, where they 00 our in the several separate figures,denote like parts in all the drawings. I One of the objects of myproposed invention is that revolving cylinderfire-arms which are. loadedat the front, such as those known as the Colt and Starr arm, and othersof that class of arms, may be converted into breechloaders, sothatmetallic cartridges may be used instead of paper ones, or loosepowder-andball or flanged cartridges, instead of cylindrical or conicalones; but-the invention is equally applicable to the construction of newarms designed for metallic cartridges that are to be inserted in thechamber from the rear. And

J my invention consists, first, in forming a shoulder at the rear of therevolving cylinder, with openings formed in said shoulder opposite eachof the chambers, for the jaw of the cartridge-case extractor to passthrough, and an extra or additional opening ortopeniugs for said jaw topass through when the cylinder is charged with cartridges and theirflanges close the openings opposite 'thefchambers. And my invention,further consists i'nthe'use of a'paw'lguide that allows the paw toproject just far enough to take hold of the ratchet without droppinginto the center bore of the cylinder.

c To enable others'skilled in the artlto make and use my inventi0n,-Iwill proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings, g, I

Fig.1 represents aBolUs revolver converted from a loose powder-'and hallloader to a breech-loader, as will Poe-explained. In the .first place,to thus alter such an arm, the cylitr;

I is required to maketh countersinkin for the flange of thecartridge-case, and to procure this space in a givensized cylinder onechainbcr must be left out. Leaying'out one chamher, so as to have five,where formerly there were six,involves, of 1course','a' new action ofthe pziwhforthe-pawl at each operation of the hammer, which cannot bechanged in its motion mustturn the cylinder o'nefifth of a revclutioii',where before the change ittnrned it one sixth of a revolution-at eachcooking" "of the hammer} And further still, the forming of the pcountersink around the rear of the chambers j for the flange of thecartridge cuts through the .ratchetformed-around the center-bore whichslips over the center-pin, so that an ordinary pawl woulddrop into theratchet too far, or so far as to revent-its action, and hence the pawlmust be guarded against this contingency. I have soprovidcd for theworking of the arm.

thus changed from a six to-a five chambered cylinder as that the pawlonly, in addition to:

the cylinder, need beremoved or replaced by others, or rather alip only,and a guide need be applied-to'the original pawh I add a. cartridge-caseextractor to the arm, but the addition of this piece doesnot requireanything else to be remowedrto find a suitable place for it, nor does itinterfere with the-operation of any other part of the arm.

The stock A,franie B, barrel C, hammer l and rammer E may remainunchanged, except that the checks of the frame in rear of the cylindermay require cutting away, as at c, for the insertion of the cartridges,and on the opposite side for the introduction of the partiguide b,andwhen the pawl-guide is pro erly placed a piece may be set on over itto h 1 out 2 emcee the frame so as to cover and protect the chambers.

The new cylinder F is of the same diameter externally as the oneremoved; It is bored out at its center with the same bore-as the oneremoved, because it is fit over and turns upon the same center-pin,which is unchanged; but I make upon the rear perimeter of the cylinder agroove, 0, and a flange, r, the side of the groove farthest fromtheilange being beveled or sloped, as shown in the drawings. On radiallines passing through the centers of the chambers I make openings 1 2 34 5, through the flange c, for the jaw f of the cartridgecase extractorG to pass through as it draws out the empty case; and intermediatebetween any two of these radial openings I make an additional opening,7, for the jaw to pass through when the cylinder is filled withcartridges and they are not to be withdrawn, or when the jaw is enteredso as to pass under the flanges ot the cartridges and take hold of them.The extractor G has a pressure-spring underneath it to keep it fromdropping back and forth loosely.

The pawl g is pivoted to the hammer D, as shown in Fig. 2, and has aspring, it, behind it to throw it out. It, moreover, has upon one sideof its point a lip, 1', as seen in Fig. 5. The object of this lip uponthe pawl is to cause the pawl to turn the cylinder farther by means ofthe ratchet-teeth I; than it would without the lip, for it will beremembered that while the hammer which works the pawl has no change ofmotion, yet the pawl must turn the cylinder one-fifth, instead ofone-sixth of an entire revolution, as it (lid before. This isaccomplished by the lip which keepsthe pawl longer on the ratchet, andin its proper position to turn the ratchet, and consequently thecylinder. The lip i must move past the center-pin.

I, and consequently the center-pin at that point of passing must beslightly cut away to the ratchet is made on the end of the projecadmitof its free motion. The pawl, as shown in Fig. 2, without anythingfurther than seen to control its motion, would drop into the ratchet andfail to act. It must proj eet just far enough to. catchthe ratchet, andit must held back so as not to fall into the ratchet. For this purpose Iuse the pawlguide or protecto" b, which is simply aplate with a turnedupon it,asshcwnin higseand 5, which allows the pawl to play freely upand down. without projecting beyond said plate.

In the pistol or arm herein shown the ratchet is formed around theprojection on the end oi the cylinder. There are other revolvers wheretion instead of its perimeter. in such pis the pawl may have to besomewhat modineo, butin all cases the pawl-guard must he used, orpawhguide; In what is known the Starr arm the guide may be on the end ofthe pawl itself, and also on the side, but whether the guide bepermanent on thc frame, or wliether it be combined with and move withthe pawl, it is nevertheless aguide, and indispensable in causing thepawl to take the ratchet without projecting too far into it.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim therein as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The groove and flange at the rear of the volving cylinder, with theopenings 1, 2,8, A cut through said flange for the jaw oi the tractor towork through, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In combination with a pawl for turning a cylinder, a pawl-guideconstructed and operating substantially in the manner and the purposedescribed.

. Jesters: RHJEH.

\Vitnesses W. W. THOMAS,

ROCHE.

